Decoding drug resistance mechanisms in acute myeloid leukaemia
Overview
This project is a 4-year PhD project with enhanced training and 3+ month placement, which is funded by UKRI BBSRC through the NI Landscape Partnership in AI for Bioscience (NILAB) Programme, delivered by Queen’s University Belfast and Ulster University. Details of the enhanced training will be available later at qub.ac.uk/nilab/. NILAB aims to bridge the gap between biology and artificial intelligence to accelerate bioscience discovery and foster effective collaboration between academia, industrial partners, and government bodies. NILAB’s mission is to train the next generation of researchers to develop and use AI to uncover the rules of life, addressing challenges in human health, animal welfare, and sustainable food systems.
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with survival rates below 25% at five years. Despite initial treatment success, many patients relapse due to the persistence of drug-resistant cancer cell populations. Understanding how drug resistance evolves within individual cancer cells is critical for improving outcomes and developing more effective treatments. Advances in single-cell sequencing and artificial intelligence (AI) have opened new doors for uncovering the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular mechanisms driving drug resistance. This project leverages these cutting-edge technologies to study AML in detail, aiming to unravel how resistance develops and persists over time.
Research Methodology
Students will work on an exciting, interdisciplinary project combining wet-lab experiments with advanced computational analysis, including:
Single-Cell Multi-Omic Profiling: Students will analyse AML patient samples from diagnosis and after treatment using state-of-the-art sequencing techniques. This will involve single-cell RNA sequencing (short and long reads), ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility), and variant calling to map gene expression, mutations, splice variants, fusion genes, and epigenetic changes.
AI-Based Data Integration and Analysis: Students will develop and apply deep-learning pipelines to integrate multi-omic data and identify patterns of drug resistance. They will reconstruct sub-clonal populations, trace their evolutionary trajectories, and infer the molecular and epigenetic drivers of resistance.
Experimental Validation: Insights gained from AI predictions will be tested in the lab using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, epigenetic profiling and assays to validate therapeutic targets.
Training Opportunities
Bioinformatics and AI: Training in single-cell sequencing data analysis, multi-omic data integration, and development of deep-learning models tailored to cancer biology.
Molecular Biology Techniques: Hands-on experience with CRISPR-Cas9, and ex vivo drug treatment assays.
Interdisciplinary Research: Work at the interface of computational biology, molecular genetics, and cancer biology.
Career Development: Opportunities to present findings at national and international conferences, collaborate with leading researchers, and contribute to publications in high-impact journals.
Background
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive form of blood cancer with survival rates less than 25% at 5 years. Persistence of drug-resistant cell populations following treatment is a driver of relapse. Understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance at the single-cell level is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes in AML patients.
Research Question
How does drug resistance evolve at a single-cell level in patients with myeloid blood cancer, and how can AI-based methods elucidate the genetic, epigenetic and molecular mechanisms driving this resistance?
This study, in collaboration with Dr Graeme Greenfield and Dr Lisa Crawford, seeks to explore how genetic variations, epigenetic adaptations and gene expression patterns within individual cancer cells contribute to drug resistance. We will apply AI to decipher sub-clonal heterogeneity underlying drug resistance and to determine probable causality of epigenetic and molecular mechanisms which support and maintain drug-resistant cell populations.
Aims
To use an AI-based approach to decipher sub-clonal heterogeneity at a higher resolution than previously and identify how drug resistance develops and persists in individual cells.
We aim to apply advanced AI tools and utilising both pre and post treatment patient samples, ex-vivo treatment studies and publicly available transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling to understand this critical aspect of AML biology
Project Outlines and Methodology
Single-Cell Long-Read Multi-Omic Profiling of Diagnosis and Post-Treatment Samples in AML
Objective: Conduct multi-omic sequencing of AML samples obtained at diagnosis and after treatment from the NIBiobank.
Approach: Combining short and long read single cell RNA sequencing and single cell ATAC sequencing to profile:
1) Gene Expression (long and short read transcript mapping)
2) Transcriptome mutational landscape (long and short read variant calling)
3) Splice variant expression (isoform mapping)
4) Fusion gene expression (Fusion gene calling)
5) ATAC peaks
6) ATAC peak mutational landscape (short read variant calling)
7) Copy Number Variation
Establish a multi-modal, multi-omics integration Platform (AI platform #1) for Single-Cell Multi-Omic Analysis
Objective: Utilise AI deep learning tools to establish a platform that integrates gene expression, mutational profiles, splice variant expression, fusion gene expression, chromatin accessibility, ATAC peak variant and copy number variations in individual cells.
Approach: Utilising deep learning approaches develop a new pipeline specifically for the analysis of multi-omic single cell data using four datasets which will be available prior to the project commencing (Funding and NIBiobank approvals in place with sequencing estimated to be completed Q1 2025).
Characterise high resolution sub-clonal structures in AML through the identification of subtle patterns and variations.
Build phylogenetic reconstructions of sub-clonal expansion in the AML patient.
Integrate pre-, post- and ex-vivo treatment datasets to decipher resistance evolution.
Objective: Develop and implement an AI predictive modelling platform to infer the evolutionary trajectory of epigenetic and transcriptomic changes underpinning resistant cell populations.
Approach: Incorporate publicly available datasets (ENCODE / chIP-Atlas) to generate and train a deep learning model on patterns of transcriptomic and epigenetic patterns in normal and malignant haematopoiesis (AI platform #2)
Profile additional numbers of patient samples at diagnosis, pre-treatment and following ex-vivo treatment using a multiplexing approach.
Use AI platform #1 to establish sub-clonal diversity and undertake cell lineage tracing and establish evolutionary trajectories of drug resistance
Implement AI platform #2 to infer the causality of epigenetic and molecular mechanisms sustaining the biology of drug-resistant cell populations
Apply Functional Molecular Biology Approaches to Validate AI Predictions
Objective: To experimentally validate the AI-derived insights and identify potential therapeutic interventions.
Approach:
CRISPR-Cas9: Perform knockout / knockdown or activation
of individual genes
Epigenetic profiling: Undertake CUT&RUN to profile epigenetic landscapes
Drug assays: Targeted treatment to validate targets
Funding Information
This project is open to both home and international applicants on a competitive basis. Top ranked students will be offered their choice of projects to which they apply. Funding is available for both domestic and international students with 30% of the funding allocated for international students.
Fees: Queen’s standard
Stipend: £20,780 (2025/2026)
Project Summary
Dr Sarah Maguire
Full-time: 4 Years
Dentistry overview
The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences trains ~350 postgraduate research students undertaking PhD, MD and MPhil degrees in Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Experimental Medicine, Public Health, Medical Education and Dentistry each year. Its diverse postgraduate student population comprises both basic and clinical scientists from across the globe engaged in wide-ranging research projects spanning the breadth of the School’s research portfolio from traditional population-based epidemiology to 'big data' science and bioinformatics, through molecular and cell biology to clinical trials. Reflecting our commitment to gender equality, we hold prestigious School and Institutional Athena Swan Gold Awards.
Dentistry Highlights
Industry Links
- The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences promotes close collaborative interaction with local and global biotechnology companies, such as Almac, Randox, Life Technologies, and Illumina. Such relationships are underpinned by innovative discovery science and its clinical application and have resulted in development of novel diagnostic/prognostic applications and therapies.
/schools/mdbs/Research/
Career Development
- The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences postgraduate programme trains students in both research-specific and generic skills towards promotion of professional development. Students may also avail of career development advice at the School annual Postgraduate Research Forum, through its peer mentoring programme, and as part of their individual Postgraduate Development Programme. We are ranked in the top 170 in the World for Graduate prospects (QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2022)The QUB Graduate School also provides wide-ranging opportunities for career development which complement School-specific postgraduate research training.
/schools/mdbs/Research/ - Queen’s is ranked 4th in the World for International Outlook (Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024). The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences holds a Gold Athena Swan Award with QUB holding an institutional Gold Athena Swan Award 2024
/schools/mdbs/Research/
World Class Facilities
- As a member of the Russell Group of leading research-intensive UK Universities, Queen’s University Belfast is committed to maintaining the very best research. In the last Research Excellence Framework (2021), 99% of our research environment was judged to be internationally-excellent or world-leading. The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2024 ranks Queen’s in the top 150 in the World for research excellence. Queen’s are ranked 1st in the UK as the most entrepreneurial University. As such, Queen’s provides an ideal environment to support high-quality postgraduate research.
/schools/mdbs/Research/ - Postgraduate students in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences will undertake their research projects within the Institute of Health Sciences which has benefitted from significant recent investment (>£100M) and boasts state-of-art facilities and technology.
/schools/mdbs/Research/
Internationally Renowned Experts
- Postgraduate students in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences are closely supervised by experienced academic staff and are viewed as a central and critical component of their world-leading research programmes.
/schools/mdbs/Research/
Student Experience
- The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences provides a vibrant environment for postgraduate research training. There are currently ~330 students undertaking wide-ranging basic science and clinical research projects who work closely together with postdoctoral and academic staff across the Institute of Health Sciences. Students are encouraged to interact both within and across disciplines through formal and informal School events, many of which are student-led.
/schools/mdbs/Research/
Key Facts
Research students are encouraged to play a full and active role in relation to the wide range of research activities undertaken within the School and there are many resources available including:
- Opportunity to benefit from world-class infrastructure and academic faculty.
- Tailored postgraduate training programme including specific and generic aspects and careers-focussed peer mentoring.
- Access to the QUB Postgraduate Researcher Development Programme.
- Provision of shared laboratory, high performance computing, and office space as required by research project.
- Opportunities to engage with QUB’s personal and public involvement network, working with diverse stakeholders
Course content
Research Information
Research Themes
Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research
The global burden of cancer is increasing with incidence now at 15 million new diagnoses each year. The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research (PGJCCR) is attuned to this global health issue and specialises in integrating academic discovery, industrial/commercial enterprise and innovative health care practice to promote effective delivery of precision cancer medicine, to improve patient health and outcomes, generate wealth and alleviate suffering. PGJCCR has established successful multi-disciplinary teams focusing on cancers of Gastrointestinal, Prostate, Breast and Ovarian origin. Each team incorporates disease-specialist clinicians, accredited molecular pathology expertise bringing affiliated biobank tissue repositories, and academics skilled in the art of (i) biomarker discovery and bioinformatics, (ii) biological investigation and therapeutic development, and (iii) the prosecution of early-phase translation-driven clinical trials. Our significant success has resulted from a strong team-based approach.
Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine
The Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine (WWIEM) is committed to research excellence by making scientific breakthroughs in the mechanisms of disease, which we translate to innovative therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. We are an international hub of excellence on eye disease, infectious diseases and respiratory disease with a core emphasis on immunology, molecular cell biology and patient-based investigations. WWIEM comprises three main research themes focussed on Immunology and Microbes, Respiratory Medicine, and Vision and Vascular Medicine. Our Immunobiology and Microbes research group focusses on understanding the immune system which is essential for defence of the human body, not only in preventing a wide variety of diseases but also aiding recovery from them. Our Respiratory Medicine research group focusses on understanding the processes that lead to common lung illnesses such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Our Vision and Vascular Medicine research group particularly focusses on inflammation within the cardiovascular system as a frequent cause of cardiac and other vascular diseases which represent a significant health burden on society. Our work makes an important impact in the fight against conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and eye disease.
Centre for Medical Education
Research students joining the Centre for Medical Education will have the opportunity to develop an education project using a range of qualitative and quantitative methods, for which specific training is made available. Research encompasses a range of learning environments and spans the continuum of medical education. Projects are linked by an underlying commitment to improve patient care through education. Current research interests include GP pedagogy, technology-enhanced learning, identity, critical research, and diversity and inclusion. Students are mentored to develop their own research questions and methodologies within the broad remit of the Centre.
Centre for Public Health
The overall mission of the Centre for Public Health (CPH) is to improve health and reduce inequalities, prevent and manage chronic disease and disability more effectively, and to improve the delivery of health and social care. CPH comprises four main research themes focussed on Epidemiology and Public Health, Cancer Epidemiology, Nutrition and Public Health, and Health Services and Global Health. Our Epidemiology and Public Health research group harnesses Big Data in discovery science and its application to clinical and public health practice, to help to understand how both molecular biomarkers and environments (including social norms and networks) shape risk in individuals and populations. Our Cancer Epidemiology research group includes programmes focussed on pre-malignancy molecular epidemiology, gastrointestinal cancer progression and precision medicine, and pharmaco-epidemiology exploring the potential for drug re-purposing. Our Nutrition and Public Health research group works across the life-course to understand the determinants of a healthy diet in individuals, at risk groups (e.g. schoolchildren, pregnant women, older people) and whole populations, and on identifying ways to improve it. Our Health Services and Global Health research group focusses on health care for people with chronic conditions and poor mental health, quality improvement and implementation science, oral health and related cancers, trials methodology, health economics, and global eye health. Our Dentistry and Oral Health Care research has a focus on gerodontology, head and neck cancer, and nutrition.
PhD Opportunities
Funded postgraduate research studentships are advertised on the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences website: /schools/mdbs/Study/PostgraduateResearch/CurrentOpportunities/.
We will also consider applications from externally or self-funded students who should identify potential academic supervisors aligned with their research interests: /schools/mdbs/Research/find-a-phd-supervisor/.
Please note that we can only support projects which fit within our main research themes of Experimental Medicine, Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Medical Education, Public Health and Dentistry .
Research Impact
The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences drives research excellence and impact, delivering innovative solutions to the specific challenges we have identified in healthcare. The School has three central aims:
(1) To address key global challenges in health care by making scientific breakthroughs in mechanisms of disease, translating these to innovative therapeutics and preventive interventions to improve patient outcomes.
(2) To establish lasting relationships with major funders for programmatic research and capacity building. This includes doctoral training, clinical academic programmes and postdoctoral fellowships.
(3) To leverage scientific strengths with small and medium size enterprises and large pharmaceutical companies to develop externally funded competitive, collaborative programmes for discovery and translation.
Research Projects
Current postgraduate research projects and potential opportunities.
Research Success
As a member of the Russell Group of leading UK Universities, Queen’s University Belfast is committed to maintaining the very best research. In the last Research Excellence Framework exercise, 99% of our research environment was judged to be internationally-excellent or world-leading. Queen’s are ranked 1st in the UK as the most entrepreneurial University. As such, Queen’s provides an ideal environment to support high-quality postgraduate research.
Current PGR Student Profiles
Current postgraduate research projects and potential opportunities.
Career Prospects
Introduction
The majority of postgraduate research students within the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences continue to successfully secure appropriate employment upon completion of their studies. Chosen careers are generally relevant to their qualification within industry, academia and the National Health Service and have included postdoctoral research across the world, clinical/non-clinical academia, return to full-time clinical work, medical writing, industry research, management/financial consultancy, and R&D software development. The School runs a dedicated careers session at its annual Postgraduate Research Forum and careers-focussed peer mentoring from postdoctoral researchers whilst students are expected to discuss potential careers with their supervisors as part of their individual Postgraduate Development Programme.
Employment after the Course
All postgraduate research students can avail of careers advice from the Graduate School whilst postdoctoral employment opportunities are highlighted at the annual School Postgraduate Research Forum within a dedicated session. Students should also discuss potential careers with their supervisors as a central focus of their individual Postgraduate Development Programme.
Learning Outcomes
As a postgraduate student in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences you will receive high-quality training and support for a career in scientific research with significant potential to contribute to development of improved strategies for the management and treatment of life-threatening diseases.Course structure
1. The School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences is dedicated to providing its postgraduate research students with a supportive environment to effectively promote their education, training and professional development. First year students enrol on a tailored training programme comprising a series of lectures, workshops and practical sessions focused on key research skills, such as bioimaging, informatics, genomics, mass spectrometry, animal models and clinical trials. In addition, all students receive wide-ranging and ongoing training in generic and transferable skills, such as scientific writing, data analysis, presentation and critical appraisal, through dedicated communication courses and seminars. They also benefit from presentation of their research findings at major national and international conferences, which is an expectation of all postgraduate research students, and through regular interaction with the QUB Graduate School, whose specific function is to support postgraduate training, development and careers.Students undertake their specific research project under the close guidance of an experienced principal supervisor with support from 1 or 2 co-supervisors as appropriate. All postgraduate research students are initially registered as ‘undifferentiated’ which means that they are required to complete a probationary period after which they are assessed for their suitability to undertake a postgraduate research degree during the differentiation process. Differentiation normally takes place at 9-12 months for full time students and 18-24 months for part time students. Each student is required to complete a literature review, give an oral presentation of their research within their Centre, and provide evidence of appropriate training and completion of their Postgraduate Development Plan. They are then interviewed by a differentiation panel, comprising 2 or 3 academic staff, who assess the students understanding of their project and progress, based on both their submitted paperwork and response to questions. Differentiated students are required to complete a similar Annual Progress Review process in each subsequent year of their research degree. The duration of a full-time PhD programme is normally 3-4 years. For completion of their doctoral qualification students are required to submit a thesis of their research of appropriate length and content (as advised by their supervisors) which will be assessed by oral examination conducted by an external and internal examiner.
Funded postgraduate research studentships are advertised on the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences website: /schools/mdbs/Study/PostgraduateResearch/CurrentOpportunities/ . We will also consider applications from externally or self-funded students who should identify potential academic supervisors aligned with their research interests: /schools/mdbs/Research/find-a-phd-supervisor/ Please note that we can only support projects which fit within the overall research strategy of the School and individual research focus of our academic staff.
Our academic staff welcome approaches from prospective students and are happy to develop research proposals of mutual interest. Often this process will involve an informal face-to-face meeting (in person or via teleconferencing) prior to an invitation to submit a formal application. If you have difficulty identifying or contacting an appropriate supervisor, please contact Professor AJ McKnight, Director of Postgraduate Research, a.j.mcknight@qub.ac.uk, or the School Postgraduate Office, pgoffice.smdb@qub.ac.uk, who will be happy to help.
Students who meet the eligibility criteria for postgraduate research and are keen to propose their own research project should select ONE potential supervisor from our list of academic staff per application, /schools/mdbs/Research/find-a-phd-supervisor/, and send an email containing: (1) a brief CV (1-2 pages maximum), (2) a concise statement of motivation including research interests, (3) source of funding, and (4) intended start date. Our Faculty student recruitment hub will also be able to provide further information: askmhls@qub.ac.uk.
For students applying for a funded or competitively funded PhD, please provide a concise statement of motivation, including research interests and research experience as relevant to the studentship for which you are applying.
Assessment
Postgraduate students in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences will receive ongoing training in scientific writing, presentation and critical analysis as the basis for a research career. The School supports and challenges its postgraduate research students through robust annual progress review, requiring satisfactory assessment of written work, symposia presentations, supervisor reports and panel interview, the success of which is evidenced by its excellent completion rates. At the end of their postgraduate research training period, students are required to submit a thesis of their research of appropriate length and content which is assessed by oral examination conducted by an external and internal examiner.
Feedback
Postgraduate research students in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences receive feedback on their written and oral work throughout the period of registration for their degree. This may be both formal and informal and is provided regularly by their supervisors, peers, academic/postdoctoral colleagues, and annual progress review panel.
Facilities
Postgraduate students in the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences benefit from world-class infrastructure and academic faculty and are highly valued as a central and critical component of its research strategy. All students will have access to shared laboratory and office space as required by their research project./schools/mdbs/
Entrance requirements
The minimum academic requirement for admission to a research degree programme is normally an Upper Second Class Honours degree from a UK or ROI HE provider, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University. Shortlisting may include consideration of additional qualifications and research experience. Further information can be obtained by contacting the School.
International Students
For information on international qualification equivalents, please check the specific information for your country.
English Language Requirements
Evidence of an IELTS* score of 6.5, with not less than 5.5 in any component, or an equivalent qualification acceptable to the University is required. *Taken within the last 2 years.
International students wishing to apply to Â鶹ÒùÔº (and for whom English is not their first language), must be able to demonstrate their proficiency in English in order to benefit fully from their course of study or research. Non-EEA nationals must also satisfy UK Visas and Immigration (UKVI) immigration requirements for English language for visa purposes.
For more information on English Language requirements for EEA and non-EEA nationals see: www.qub.ac.uk/EnglishLanguageReqs.
If you need to improve your English language skills before you enter this degree programme, offers a range of English language courses. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for admission to this degree.
Tuition Fees
Northern Ireland (NI) 1 | £5,005 |
Republic of Ireland (ROI) 2 | £5,005 |
England, Scotland or Wales (GB) 1 | £5,005 |
EU Other 3 | £25,600 |
International | £25,600 |
1 EU citizens in the EU Settlement Scheme, with settled or pre-settled status, are expected to be charged the NI or GB tuition fee based on where they are ordinarily resident, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly Student Fees Regulations. Students who are ROI nationals resident in GB are expected to be charged the GB fee, however this is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
2 It is expected that EU students who are ROI nationals resident in ROI will be eligible for NI tuition fees. The tuition fee set out above is provisional and subject to the publication of the Northern Ireland Assembly student fees Regulations.
3 EU Other students (excludes Republic of Ireland nationals living in GB, NI or ROI) are charged tuition fees in line with international fees.
All tuition fees quoted are for the academic year 2021-22, and relate to a single year of study unless stated otherwise. Tuition fees will be subject to an annual inflationary increase, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
More information on postgraduate tuition fees.
Additional course costs
All Students
Depending on the programme of study, there may also be other extra costs which are not covered by tuition fees, which students will need to consider when planning their studies . Students can borrow books and access online learning resources from any Â鶹ÒùÔº library. If students wish to purchase recommended texts, rather than borrow them from the University Library, prices per text can range from £30 to £100. Students should also budget between £30 to £100 per year for photocopying, memory sticks and printing charges. Students may wish to consider purchasing an electronic device; costs will vary depending on the specification of the model chosen. There are also additional charges for graduation ceremonies, and library fines. In undertaking a research project students may incur costs associated with transport and/or materials, and there will also be additional costs for printing and binding the thesis. There may also be individually tailored research project expenses and students should consult directly with the School for further information.
Bench fees
Some research programmes incur an additional annual charge on top of the tuition fees, often referred to as a bench fee. Bench fees are charged when a programme (or a specific project) incurs extra costs such as those involved with specialist laboratory or field work. If you are required to pay bench fees they will be detailed on your offer letter. If you have any questions about Bench Fees these should be raised with your School at the application stage. Please note that, if you are being funded you will need to ensure your sponsor is aware of and has agreed to fund these additional costs before accepting your place.
How do I fund my study?
1.PhD OpportunitiesFind PhD opportunities and funded studentships by subject area.
2.Funded Doctoral Training ProgrammesWe offer numerous opportunities for funded doctoral study in a world-class research environment. Our centres and partnerships, aim to seek out and nurture outstanding postgraduate research students, and provide targeted training and skills development.
The Government offers doctoral loans of up to ?26,445 for PhDs and equivalent postgraduate research programmes for English- or Welsh-resident UK and EU students.
4.International ScholarshipsInformation on Postgraduate Research scholarships for international students.
Funding and Scholarships
The Funding & Scholarship Finder helps prospective and current students find funding to help cover costs towards a whole range of study related expenses.
How to Apply
Apply using our online and follow the step-by-step instructions on how to apply.
Find a supervisor
If you're interested in a particular project, we suggest you contact the relevant academic before you apply, to introduce yourself and ask questions.
To find a potential supervisor aligned with your area of interest, or if you are unsure of who to contact, look through the staff profiles linked here.
You might be asked to provide a short outline of your proposal to help us identify potential supervisors.